Laser-based powder bed fusion additive manufacturing of pure copper

In this article, the laser-based powder bed fusion (L-PBF) processing behavior of pure copper is evaluated by employing a conventional infrared fiber laser with wavelength 1080 nm, small focal spot diameter 37.5 µm, and power levels up to 500 W. It shown that bulk solid parts near full density (? Archimedes = 99.3 ± 0.2%, ? Optical 99.8 0.1%) can be produced using W for chosen combination particle size, L-PBF settings, baseplate. Moreover, at W, relative exceeding 99% are manufactured within volumetric energy window 230–310 J/mm3, while below did not produce above 99%. An analytical model used elucidate behavior, wherein both conduction keyhole regimes corresponding employed settings identified. The model-based results predict in regime prior onset keyhole-induced porosity, which accordance porosity types observed parts. fabricated exhibit an electrical conductivity 94 1% compared international annealed standard (IACS) demonstrate tensile strength 211 4 MPa, yield 122 1 elongation break 43 3% as-built condition.